Tag: arthroplasty

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Anesthesia Education Case Studies Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Outpatient Anesthesia Preparing for Grad School/Residency

#92 – How to Prevent Periprosthetic Joint Infections with Brian McGrory, MD

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My guest today is Dr Brian McGrory, MD.  His is an orthopedic joint replacement surgeon at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine.   

This is the second time Dr McGrory has joined me on the podcast, the first being way back in episode 25 when we discussed how to prevent hypothermia during joint replacement surgeries.  That episode included a special look at the controversy around various warming devices that are used in the OR and whether any of them are linked to surgical site infections.

In this episode, Dr McGrory and I take a more detailed look at how to prevent surgical site infections in periprosthetic joint replacement surgery.  The significance of these infections for patients cannot be overstated.  We discuss the particulars around why a joint infection is often considered a devastating outcome for patients that, at best, results in months of continued, aggressive therapy and at worst, can lead to amputation of the limb or even death.  I’m incredibly grateful for Dr McGrory’s continued focus on improving the quality of care that surgical teams can provide and his willingness to come on this show to speak directly to anesthesia providers concerning our role in helping create great outcomes for surgical patients.

Dr McGrory earned his bachelor’s degree in chemistry biology at Cornell, attended medical school at Columbia University, followed by residency in orthopedic surgery at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School where he also earned a Master’s degree in orthopedic research.  He then completed a fellowship through Harvard University at Massachusetts General Hospital in adult hip & knee reconstruction.  He has served as the research director for orthopedics at Maine Medical Center and the founding editor-in-chief of Arthroplasty Today, which is a publication of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.

References

Chaudhry, S. B., Veve, M. P., & Wagner, J. L. (2019). Cephalosporins: a focus on side chains and β-lactam cross-reactivity. Pharmacy, 7(3), 103. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/505180

Hamilton, W. G., Balkam, C. B., Purcell, R. L., Parks, N. L., & Holdsworth, J. E. (2018). Operating room traffic in total joint arthroplasty: identifying patterns and training the team to keep the door shut. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(6), 633-636. Retrieved from https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(18)30007-5/fulltext

McGrory, B. J. (2018). Letter to the Editor on “Hypothermia in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Wake-Up Call”. The Journal of arthroplasty, 33(9), 3056-3057. Retrieved from https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(18)30506-0/fulltext

Wyles, C. C., Hevesi, M., Osmon, D. R., Park, M. A., Habermann, E. B., Lewallen, D. G., … & Sierra, R. J. (2019). 2019 John Charnley Award: increased risk of prosthetic joint infection following primary total knee and hip arthroplasty with the use of alternative antibiotics to cefazolin: the value of allergy testing for antibiotic prophylaxis. The bone & joint journal, 101(6_Supple_B), 9-15. Retrieved from https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/abs/10.1302/0301-620X.101B6.BJJ-2018-1407.R1

Zmistowski, Benjamin; Karam, M.D., Joseph A.; Durinka, Joel B; Casper, MD, David S; and Parvizi, Javad MD, “Periprosthetic joint infection increases the risk of one-year mortality.” (2013). Rothman Institute Faculty Papers. Paper 44.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/rothman_institute/44

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Clinical Tips Outpatient Anesthesia Regional Anesthesia

#27 – Total knee arthroplasty in the COVID-19 era with Adam Rana, MD & Ryan Mountjoy, MD

This episode outlines the overnight transition to same-day surgery & discharge for total knee patients at Maine Medical Center. Surgeon Adam Rana, MD was informed on a Tuesday afternoon in December 2020 that elective cases requiring overnight hospital stays were being canceled effective immediately. He reached out to physician anesthesiologist Ryan Mountjoy, MD, along with others, and the very next day they implemented a new anesthesia plan that got patients discharged safely the same-day of surgery. These patients experienced equivalent pain scores post-operatively while remarkably requiring less opioid refills. The length of stay was slashed from 42 hours to 12 hours.

These physicians, along with physician anesthesiology resident and lead author Derek Bunch, DO and others, have submitted this story as a proof of concept for the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and will present this story at other national anesthesia and surgical meetings. Dr Bunch was unfortunately unable to join us on the podcast due to working overnight call during the wee-hours of the morning when we recorded this episode but hopefully he’ll agree to come on the show in the future to talk about this or other regional anesthesia topics as he prepares to head off for his regional fellowship later this summer.

Dr Bunch’s write up is provided below courtesy of the authors with select table data following:

The introduction of a multimodal clinical pathway for outpatient total knee arthroplasty in the COVID-19 era.Download

Table 1: Pre and Post Surgical Medications

Night PriorMorning ofDischarge
Celecoxib 200 mgCelecoxib 200 mgCelecoxib 200 mg BID x 3d, then daily until complete (disp #14)
Pregabalin 50 mg  Acetaminophen 1000 mgPregabalin 50 mg BID x 3d, then nightly until complete (disp #14)
Acetaminophen 1000 mg Acetaminophen 1000 mg TID
  Oxycodone 5mg 1-2 tab q 4h PRN (disp #42)
Patients received oral analgesics before and after total knee arthroplasty as part of a multi-modal pain management plan.

Table 2: Anesthesia Protocols

Previous anesthesia protocolNew anesthesia protocol 
0.5 or 0.75% bupivicaine spinalSpinal 60mg 2% mepivicaine
Postoperative adductor canal 20cc 0.5% ropivacainePreop adductor canal with 10cc 0.5% bupivicaine, 10cc 13.3% liposomal bupivicaine
 Preop iPACK block 20cc 0.2% ropivacaine
Posterior injection by surgeon (bupivacaine 120mg, epinephrine 300mcg, morphine 8mg)Posterior injection by surgeon (bupivacaine 50mg, epinephrine 100mcg)
Propofol sedationPropofol sedation
Table 2 highlights the differences between the standard practice and the new anesthesia protocol for same-day discharge for total knee arthroplasty at Maine Medical Center.

Table 3: Demographics and Outcomes

 Next day kneeSame day Knee
Number of patients4849
Average LOS (hrs)4212
Number of patients needing IV hydromorphone post op1511
Number of patients needing oral opioids post op4132
Average pain score in hospital3.93.8
Average pain score at 2 weeks3.33
Number of patients filling narcotics following surgery2520
Total number of narcotics refills following surgery4927
Table 3 highlights preliminary data comparing a cohort of patients from one year prior to the study period when patients were shifted to same-day discharge from total knee surgery. “Average age was 63 for both groups and average ASA scores were comparable (2.3 for next day knee patients and 2.2 for same day knee patients).” D. Bunch.

Dr Adam Rana’s bio as quoted from his website: “Dr. Adam Rana is a Board Certified, Fellowship-Trained Orthopedic Surgeon who specializes in minimally invasive hip and knee replacement surgery with specific training in the anterolateral muscle sparring approach to the hip, custom partial and total knee replacement surgery as well as revision hip and knee replacement surgery… Dr. Rana earned his Bachelor’s degree with Honors in Economics and Biology from Colby College where he graduated Cum Laude. While at Colby, Dr. Rana spent two summers in Minneapolis, MN at the Hennepin County Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory… [and] was actively involved in research projects relating to biomechanics in hip and knee replacement systems.” He attended SUNY Downstate Medical Center for medical school and “subsequently completed his Orthopedic Surgical Residency at the Boston Medical Center… After residency, he completed a fellowship in Adult Reconstruction, Arthritis, and Joint Replacement Surgery at the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City.” Dr Rana is widely published in peer-reviewed journals as well as medical text chapters and frequently presents on orthopedic surgery at state and national meetings. He is actively involved in the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and the New England and Maine Orthopedic Associations. He currently serves as the director of the Joint Replacement Center at Maine Medical Center.

You may remember Dr Ryan Mountjoy, MD, who joined us for episode 11 of Anesthesia Guidebook to talk about the use of cognitive aids in emergencies. He is a board-certified physician anesthesiologist with Spectrum Healthcare Partners in Portland, Maine.  He is the Co-Director of Orthopedic Trauma and Total Joint Anesthesia and the Co-Director of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine at Maine Medical Center and the Site Chief of Anesthesia at MaineHealth’s Scarborough Surgery Center.  He completed his anesthesia residency at Stanford University and then pursued a Regional and Ambulatory Anesthesia fellowship at Duke University, where he worked prior to moving to Maine. 

References

Hussain, N., Brull, R., Sheehy, B., Essandoh, M. K., Stahl, D. L., Weaver, T. E., & Abdallah, F. W. (2021). Perineural Liposomal Bupivacaine Is Not Superior to Nonliposomal Bupivacaine for Peripheral Nerve Block AnalgesiaA Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesthesiology, 134(2), 147-164.

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Clinical Tips Enhanced Recovery After Surgery

#25 – Preventing Hypothermia in Arthroplasty Surgery with Brian McGrory, MD

My guest today is Dr Brian McGrory.  His is an orthopedic joint replacement surgeon at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine.   

He earned his bachelor’s degree in chemistry biology at Cornell, attended medical school at Columbia, followed by residency in orthopedic surgery at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School where he also earned a Master’s degree in orthopedic research.  Dr McGrory then completed a fellowship through Harvard University at Massachusetts General Hospital in adult hip & knee reconstruction.  He has served as the research director for orthopedics at Maine Medical Center and the founding editor-in-chief of Arthroplasty Today, which is a publication of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.

Today we’re going to talk about preventing hypothermia during total joint replacement surgery.  Dr McGrory recently conducted a pilot study at Maine Medical Center evaluating perioperative body temperature in patients undergoing total joint surgery.  All patients in the study received pre-operative warming at 41-degrees Celcius with 3M’s Bair Hugger forced air warmer and intraoperatively they received warm cotton blankets out of common blanket warmers and in-line IV fluid warming with 3M’s Ranger fluid warming device.  The patients in the study group were also draped in a reflective space blanket as the independent variable.  Dr McGrory will discuss the results of this pilot study in the podcast, some of which were published as a letter to the editor in The Journal of Arthroplasty, which I’ve linked to in the show notes. 

And just to review:  perioperative hypothermia has been linked to numerous bad outcomes for patients including increased infection, delayed recovery, increased blood loss, disruptions in coagulation and cardiac events, not to mention, being cold is uncomfortable for the patient.  Perioperative temperature regulation is also linked to Medicare reimbursement with the goal of one temperature reading of at least 35.5C within 30 minutes immediately before or 15 minutes after the anesthesia stop time.  If hospitals meet this mark, they may see a slight increase in reimbursement and if they miss this mark, they may miss out on a substantial percentage of reimbursement.  So there is significant precedence for maintain perioperative normothermia. 

During the podcast, we’re going to hint at the controversy with forced hot air warmers that’s been widely discussed in peer reviewed, as well as popular news, publications.  I want to roll through the conversation with Brian uninterrupted so you can hear how one surgeon has approached that controversy and still achieved normothermia for his patients intraoperatively, but at the end of the show, I’ll unpack & clarify the backstory on Bair Huggers so you know where that stands.  It’s a crazy story that twists through legal battles, medical literature, FDA statements and popular news media… so stay tuned to the end.

References

Carlson, J. (2018 December 8). Legal war engulfs 3M device.  StarTribune.  Retrieved from https://www.startribune.com/legal-war-engulfs-mmm-operating-room-device/502063131/?refresh=true. 

Carlson, J. (2018 December 9). A closer look at the scientific evidence for and against 3M’s Bair Hugger.  StarTribune.  Retrieved from  https://www.startribune.com/a-closer-look-at-the-scientific-evidence-for-and-against-the-bair-hugger/502204321/ 

Carlson, J. (2019 August 1). Judge tosses lawsuits from 5,000-plus plaintiffs against 3M warming blanket. StarTribune.   Retrieved from https://www.startribune.com/judge-tosses-lawsuits-from-5-000-plus-plaintiffs-against-3m-warming-blanket/513491312/. 

Kellam, M. D., Dieckmann, L. S., & Austin, P. N. (2013). Forced‐air warming devices and the risk of surgical site infections. AORN journal, 98(4), 353-369. Retrieved from https://aornjournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.08.001 

Madrid, E., Urrutia, G., i Figuls, M. R., Pardo‐Hernandez, H., Campos, J. M., Paniagua, P., … & Alonso‐Coello, P. (2016). Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4). https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009016.pub2/epdf/full 

Maisel, W., (2017 August 30).  Information about the Use of Forced Air Thermal Regulating Systems – Letter to Health Care Providers. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/letters-health-care-providers/information-about-use-forced-air-thermal-regulating-systems-letter-health-care-providers

McGrory, B. (2018). Letter to the Editor on “Hypothermia in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Wake-Up Call.” The Journal of Arthroplasty 33(4) 3056-3059.  Retrieved from: https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0883-5403%2818%2930506-0 

Meier, B. (2010 December 24).  Doctor Says a Device He Invented Poses Risks. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/25/business/25invent.html 

Ralte, P., Mateu-Torres, F., Winton, J., Bardsley, J., Smith, M., Kent, M., … & Guisasola, I. (2020). Prevention of perioperative hypothermia: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of Bair Hugger versus Inditherm in patients undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 36(2), 347-352. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2019.08.015 

Simpson, J. B., Thomas, V. S., Ismaily, S. K., Muradov, P. I., Noble, P. C., & Incavo, S. J. (2018). Hypothermia in total joint arthroplasty: a wake-up call. The Journal of arthroplasty, 33(4), 1012-1018. Retrieved from https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(17)30969-5/fulltext 

Turner, T. (2021 March 11). Bair Hugger Warming Blankets. Drugwatch. 

Uggen, C. (2020).  Editorial Commentary: Just Getting Warmed Up: Risks, Benefits, and Economics of Active Warming Devices. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 36(2) Retrieved from https://www.arthroscopyjournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0749-8063%2819%2930843-6  

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