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Airway Anesthesia Education Anesthesia Equipment and Technology Cardiac Case Studies Clinical Tips Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Human Physiology and Pathophysiology Leadership in Emergencies Outpatient Anesthesia Pharmacology Preparing for Grad School/Residency

#104 – At-home cardiorespiratory events following ambulatory surgery – Chuck Biddle, PhD, CRNA

Chuck Biddle PhD, CRNA is a Professor Emeritus of anesthesiology at Virginia Commonwealth University and served as the editor in chief of the AANA Journal for 35 years.  His anesthesia education & master’s degree are from Old Dominion University and he completed his PhD in Epidemiology at the University of Missouri.  

Chuck is one of my favorite people in the world of anesthesiology.  He’s one of those folks who have put the time in over decades to develop a true, deep mastery of their profession while at the same time bringing with them a level of authenticity, integrity and humility that garners true respect.  He’s a guide.  He’s helped countless physician & nurse anesthesiology trainees develop and gain a love of the work we do.  And one of the central focuses of his career has been fervently working to understand the things that put our patients at risk and develop research and insights for practice to advance patient safety.

Which brings us to this show.  

In this episode, Dr Biddle turns our attention to what happens to patients after they go home from day surgery.  We talk about a study his team did at VCU where they sent patients home with pulse oximeter monitors and tracked their course for 48 hours following day surgery. 

We talk how novel this idea is in that very few studies have actually looked at what happens to patients following ambulatory surgery and that a certain segment of these patients – those who have obstructive sleep apnea are at particular risk for devastating postoperative complications.  Chuck points to Jonathan Benumof’s, MD 2016 article in the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia titled Mismanagement of patients with obstructive sleep apnea may result in finding these patients dead in bed (full article below).  Dr Benumof is a world-renowned physician anesthesiology and expert in airway management and pulmonary physiology. He is a professor of anesthesiology at the University of California – San Diego’s School of Medicine. Over the 15 years prior to the publication of Dr Benumof’s article in which he served as an expert witness in litigation cases, he testified on 12 cases where OSA patients died within 48 hours of surgery.  In  the article, he unpacks each of those cases and provides the following prototypical dead in bed OSA patient:

“A 58-yr-old continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-compliant male (170 cm, 120 kg, body mass index 40 kgm-2) with polysomnography (PSG)-proven severe OSA undergoes orthopedic, upper airway, or abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The patient has an uncomplicated stay in the postanesthesia care unit until discharged to an unmonitored bed without CPAP or oxygen. After receiving small (and within standard of care) doses of narcotics for pain for 11 hr, the patient is found DIB [dead in bed]. Advanced cardiac life support is either not attempted or fails to return the patient to their baseline state of life (Benumof, 2016).”

This episode is one of those discussions that makes you see the work you do in a whole new light and gives you a renewed sense of ownership over making sure you and your colleagues are doing the right thing for your patients.  This show is coming out on 28 January 2024 and was originally recorded at VCU’s studio with a table top microphone back in the summer of 2017.  I apologize that the audio is a little hazy but the power of Dr Biddle’s research and passion for this topic are still very much relevant to providers today.  So with that, let’s get to the show!

Benumof, J. L. (2015). The elephant in the room is bigger than you think: finding obstructive sleep apnea patients dead in bed postoperatively. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 120(2), 491.

Hill, M. V., Stucke, R. S., McMahon, M. L., Beeman, J. L., & Barth Jr, R. J. (2018). An educational intervention decreases opioid prescribing after general surgical operations. Annals of surgery267(3), 468-472.

Biddle, C., Elam, C., Lahaye, L., Kerr, G., Chubb, L., & Verhulst, B. (2021). Predictors of at-home arterial oxygen desaturation events in ambulatory surgical patients. Journal of Patient Safety, 17(3), e186-e191. 

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Airway Anesthesia Education Anesthesia Equipment and Technology Case Studies Clinical Tips Leadership in Emergencies Preparing for Grad School/Residency

#93 – OR Fires with April Bourgoin, DNAP, CRNA

In this episode, I speak with Dr April Bourgoin, DNAP, CRNA about operating room fires – how they can start and how we can respond to them as anesthesia providers. This show was originally released in 4 years ago in February of 2019 on the podcast From the Head of the Bed and was recorded with a table top microphone so the audio is a little suboptimal, but I’m sure you’ll still find this to be a very hot topic that will smolder in your memory for years to come after they key details become seared into your clinical practice. Hopefully, this podcast will really help you turn up the heat on your OR fire prevention practices… and now that we have almost all of the puns put out, let me tell you about Dr Bougoin.

Dr Bourgoin completed her Master of Nursing Science (MSN) and Doctorate of Nurse Anesthesia Practice at Virginia Commonwealth University. Prior to becoming a CRNA, she served for eight years as an active duty commissioned officer in the Army with experience as a critical care Registered Nurse and flight nurse with the 82nd Airborne Dustoff medevac team. She served two combat tours prior to transferring to the Army Reserves at the rank of Major and then returned to school for her master’s and doctorate degrees in anesthesia.

Dr Bourgoin had a case in which there was an OR fire and we discuss that story in detail in this podcast. She then unpacks OR and airway fires for us, including contributing factors, prevention, crisis management and the importance of critical incident debriefing.

Currently, I have the incredible privilege in working closely with April to support our CRNA group at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine. April is one of our 2 CRNA Supervisors and an invaluable part of our CRNA leadership team. I think you’re really going to enjoy hearing from her on this topic and in an upcoming episode on the pathophysiology of vaping associated lung injury.

In the show notes to this episode we have links to the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation’s infographics and video on OR fire prevention and safety, which are excellent resources to share with colleagues & classmates. We also link to a resource called Anesthesia eNonymous, which is a website hosted by faculty from Virginia Commonwealth University’s Nurse Anesthesia program where providers and anesthesia learners can anonymously share and read real stories of near misses, medical errors & other clinical experiences. As it’s been said: good judgment comes from bad judgment and it’s better to learn from others mistakes & bad judgement calls than having to make your own along the way. So be sure to check out the links in the show notes to this podcast that Dr Bourgoin has shared and with that, let’s get to the show!

Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Fire Safety Video

Anesthesia e-Nonymous – Virginia Commonwealth University

APSF Fire Safety Video Contributes to 44% Decrease in Intraoperative Fires Since 2011

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Anesthesia Education Case Studies Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Outpatient Anesthesia Preparing for Grad School/Residency

#92 – How to Prevent Periprosthetic Joint Infections with Brian McGrory, MD

If you get this post by email: THANK YOU! You’re in a select group of supporters of the show who have followed the posts on the website and I can’t thank you enough. Your interest, feedback and willingness to share these episodes with your friends & colleagues is much appreciated. Shoot me a reply, social media message or email any time… I’d love to hear from you and again, thank you for your support! – Jon

My guest today is Dr Brian McGrory, MD.  His is an orthopedic joint replacement surgeon at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine.   

This is the second time Dr McGrory has joined me on the podcast, the first being way back in episode 25 when we discussed how to prevent hypothermia during joint replacement surgeries.  That episode included a special look at the controversy around various warming devices that are used in the OR and whether any of them are linked to surgical site infections.

In this episode, Dr McGrory and I take a more detailed look at how to prevent surgical site infections in periprosthetic joint replacement surgery.  The significance of these infections for patients cannot be overstated.  We discuss the particulars around why a joint infection is often considered a devastating outcome for patients that, at best, results in months of continued, aggressive therapy and at worst, can lead to amputation of the limb or even death.  I’m incredibly grateful for Dr McGrory’s continued focus on improving the quality of care that surgical teams can provide and his willingness to come on this show to speak directly to anesthesia providers concerning our role in helping create great outcomes for surgical patients.

Dr McGrory earned his bachelor’s degree in chemistry biology at Cornell, attended medical school at Columbia University, followed by residency in orthopedic surgery at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School where he also earned a Master’s degree in orthopedic research.  He then completed a fellowship through Harvard University at Massachusetts General Hospital in adult hip & knee reconstruction.  He has served as the research director for orthopedics at Maine Medical Center and the founding editor-in-chief of Arthroplasty Today, which is a publication of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.

References

Chaudhry, S. B., Veve, M. P., & Wagner, J. L. (2019). Cephalosporins: a focus on side chains and β-lactam cross-reactivity. Pharmacy7(3), 103. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/505180

Hamilton, W. G., Balkam, C. B., Purcell, R. L., Parks, N. L., & Holdsworth, J. E. (2018). Operating room traffic in total joint arthroplasty: identifying patterns and training the team to keep the door shut. American Journal of Infection Control46(6), 633-636. Retrieved from https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(18)30007-5/fulltext

McGrory, B. J. (2018). Letter to the Editor on “Hypothermia in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Wake-Up Call”. The Journal of arthroplasty33(9), 3056-3057. Retrieved from https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(18)30506-0/fulltext

Wyles, C. C., Hevesi, M., Osmon, D. R., Park, M. A., Habermann, E. B., Lewallen, D. G., … & Sierra, R. J. (2019). 2019 John Charnley Award: increased risk of prosthetic joint infection following primary total knee and hip arthroplasty with the use of alternative antibiotics to cefazolin: the value of allergy testing for antibiotic prophylaxis. The bone & joint journal101(6_Supple_B), 9-15. Retrieved from https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/abs/10.1302/0301-620X.101B6.BJJ-2018-1407.R1

Zmistowski, Benjamin; Karam, M.D., Joseph A.; Durinka, Joel B; Casper, MD, David S; and Parvizi, Javad MD, “Periprosthetic joint infection increases the risk of one-year mortality.” (2013). Rothman Institute Faculty Papers. Paper 44.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/rothman_institute/44

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Anesthesia Education Anesthesia Equipment and Technology Business/Finances Case Studies Clinical Tips Leadership in Emergencies Preparing for Grad School/Residency Wellness

#89 – Distraction in the OR with Heather Turcotte, DO

What’s up y’all this is Jon Lowrance and this is episode 89 – Distraction in the OR with Heather Turcotte, DO. Y’all, I am so stoked to bring you this conversation… I caught up with Dr Turcotte earlier this summer as she was finishing her residency in anesthesia and I’m pumped to finally get this out to you in early September of 2022. This topic was the focus of her residency project and senior grand rounds presentation and it definitely created a stir in our group as CRNAs, physicians, residents & SRNAs grappled with how to appropriately use cell phones and other technology in their practices.

Since it’s late summer, early fall… I gotta give a shout out to all the residents & SRNAs out there who graduated this summer. It’s always fun to see yall wrap up clinicals & residency projects and transition into your new jobs or fellowships.

I love getting texts & photos from SRNAs of their board results with the word PASS printed in the middle of the page… It’s such an incredible moment that makes all of the hard work worth it. So thanks to all of you who have reached out by email, text & social media recently with your passing boards photos, positive reviews & ratings of the podcasts and questions. This podcast puts me in touch with so many amazing people… I’ve recently heard from experienced providers to newly minted CRNAs on the day they pass boards, to brand new CA1’s to ICU nurses who found the podcast and are on the path to becoming anesthesia providers. Wherever you are in your own journey, my hope is that Anesthesia Guidebook will be a go-to guide for you as you seek to get your learn on and master your craft.

Heather Turcotte, DO joins me in this is fascinating conversation that weaves through the considerations around using cell phones in the OR, checking email/internet, music that’s playing, conversations, door swings and other forms of distraction in the operating room.

Dr Turcotte was born and raised in the great state of Maine. She earned a doctorate in physical therapy and practiced as a physical therapist for 4 years before going back to medical school in 2014 at the University of New England. Dr Turcotte finished her residency in anesthesiology at Maine Medical Center in 2022 and entered into private practice. Outside of medicine, she enjoys spending time with her husband and 3 kids, who are 9, 6, and 1 years old at the time of this recording, going to the beach, and drinking lots of coffee!

In this conversation, Dr Turcotte brings this discussion to life with a case study where an anesthesia provider settled out of court in a dispute on negligence in a case where the patient experienced hypotension and a PEA arrest, survived the case but died a few days later. The anesthesia provider had used their cell phone and anesthesia station computer to check email and online news stories. Interestingly, an expert anesthesia witness testified that the actions of the anesthesia provider in managing the patient were flawless. But just because the provider had used their cell phone & surfed the internet on the work computer, the legal team advised they settle to avoid a jury verdict on the case.

Cell phone use, open internet access including email, music playing the OR and so many other forms of distraction are common elements in operating rooms across the United States. Some institutions create policies that limit cell phone use in the OR. Others have policies that are more vague while others have no formal policies around cell phone use in the OR. There’s legitimate considerations for each of these… On one hand, how does a hospital enforce a policy that is very strict? Does creating a policy set that institution up for compliance issues or litigation? On the other hand, how can hospitals help engineer safe and reliable environments for providers to work in? As technology continues to become more and more central t0 the work we do, the issues of attention span, distraction, user experience of technology and systems engineering to create & maintain safe environments will remain important factors for each provider, group and institution to consider.

References

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Airway Case Studies Clinical Tips Preparing for Grad School/Residency

#44 – Clinical Flow: from OR set up through intubation with Ashley Scheil, BSN, SRNA

In this episode, Ashley and I talk through how to set up an operating room anesthesia workstation, perform a preoperative patient assessment and progress through an IV induction and intubation.

You’ll hear Ashley walk you through everything from how to do a quick machine set up, where to put your tape, how to introduce yourself to patients & work through a preop assessment and how to proceed from getting in the door of the OR through getting the tube where you want it to go after induction. This is a great podcast to help SRNAs and other anesthesia learners to get their clinical flow down!

Ashley Scheil earned her BSN from Purdue University in 2012. She worked as a critical care Registered Nurse in the surgical ICU at the Roudebush VA Medical Center in Indianapolis for 6 years before going back to anesthesia school to earn her DNP at Marian University in May of 2020. Dr Scheil, DNP, CRNA practices at IU Health Arnett Hospital as of September 2021.

Resources

Butterworth, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2018). Morgan and Mikhail’s clinical anesthesiology. McGraw-Hill Education.

Miller, R. D. (2014). Miller’s anesthesia. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 

Nagelhout, J. J., Elisha, S., & Plaus, K. (2017). Nurse anesthesia. Elsevier Health Sciences.

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Airway Case Studies Clinical Tips Leadership in Emergencies Obstetrics

#28 Can’t Intubate, Can’t Oxygenate (CICO) during stat C-section: a case study with Eric Carlson, CRNA

This podcast was originally published on March 1, 2015.

In this episode Kristin Lowrance, MSN, CRNA talks with Eric Carlson, CRNA about a case where he was called for a stat Cesarean section and after a rapid sequence induction, he could not intubate or oxygenate the patient. The case was at 2AM and Eric was the only anesthesia provider in house. The other on-call anesthesia provider was at least 20-minutes away. Eric walks us through what happened next and how they proceeded with the decision to simultaneously rescue the baby and perform an emergency percutaneous cricothyrotomy, followed by surgical cricothyrotomy.

Kristin and Eric talk about the decision making and challenges involved in this case and advice for other anesthesia providers when it comes to emergency airway management. It’s a harrowing story that had lasting impacts on everyone involved in the case. It’s a story of leadership in emergencies, profoundly difficult decision making and an example of why we should train for failed airways in our day-to-day, week-to-week work lives: we have to be ready when disaster strikes.

I recently caught back up with Eric following his retirement from anesthesia. In episode 29 of Anesthesia Guidebook, the podcast that follows this one, Eric reflects back on both this case and the impact that telling this story had on his own life and career. We will also talk about retirement, take a look back over his career and hit on advice he would give to anesthesia providers who are still in the thick of it. Be sure to check the next episode out to hear more from Eric!

Below are links to key resources for difficult airway management.

The Vortex Approach – real-time airway crisis cognitive aids.

Chrimes, N., Bradley, W. P. L., Gatward, J. J., & Weatherall, A. D. (2019). Human factors and the ‘next generation’airway trolley. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.14543

Difficult Airway Society

American Society of Anesthesiologist’s Difficult Airway Guidelines