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Airway Anesthesia Education Anesthesia Equipment and Technology Cardiac Case Studies Clinical Tips Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Human Physiology and Pathophysiology Leadership in Emergencies Outpatient Anesthesia Pharmacology Preparing for Grad School/Residency

#104 – At-home cardiorespiratory events following ambulatory surgery – Chuck Biddle, PhD, CRNA

Chuck Biddle PhD, CRNA is a Professor Emeritus of anesthesiology at Virginia Commonwealth University and served as the editor in chief of the AANA Journal for 35 years.  His anesthesia education & master’s degree are from Old Dominion University and he completed his PhD in Epidemiology at the University of Missouri.  

Chuck is one of my favorite people in the world of anesthesiology.  He’s one of those folks who have put the time in over decades to develop a true, deep mastery of their profession while at the same time bringing with them a level of authenticity, integrity and humility that garners true respect.  He’s a guide.  He’s helped countless physician & nurse anesthesiology trainees develop and gain a love of the work we do.  And one of the central focuses of his career has been fervently working to understand the things that put our patients at risk and develop research and insights for practice to advance patient safety.

Which brings us to this show.  

In this episode, Dr Biddle turns our attention to what happens to patients after they go home from day surgery.  We talk about a study his team did at VCU where they sent patients home with pulse oximeter monitors and tracked their course for 48 hours following day surgery. 

We talk how novel this idea is in that very few studies have actually looked at what happens to patients following ambulatory surgery and that a certain segment of these patients – those who have obstructive sleep apnea are at particular risk for devastating postoperative complications.  Chuck points to Jonathan Benumof’s, MD 2016 article in the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia titled Mismanagement of patients with obstructive sleep apnea may result in finding these patients dead in bed (full article below).  Dr Benumof is a world-renowned physician anesthesiology and expert in airway management and pulmonary physiology. He is a professor of anesthesiology at the University of California – San Diego’s School of Medicine. Over the 15 years prior to the publication of Dr Benumof’s article in which he served as an expert witness in litigation cases, he testified on 12 cases where OSA patients died within 48 hours of surgery.  In  the article, he unpacks each of those cases and provides the following prototypical dead in bed OSA patient:

“A 58-yr-old continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-compliant male (170 cm, 120 kg, body mass index 40 kgm-2) with polysomnography (PSG)-proven severe OSA undergoes orthopedic, upper airway, or abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The patient has an uncomplicated stay in the postanesthesia care unit until discharged to an unmonitored bed without CPAP or oxygen. After receiving small (and within standard of care) doses of narcotics for pain for 11 hr, the patient is found DIB [dead in bed]. Advanced cardiac life support is either not attempted or fails to return the patient to their baseline state of life (Benumof, 2016).”

This episode is one of those discussions that makes you see the work you do in a whole new light and gives you a renewed sense of ownership over making sure you and your colleagues are doing the right thing for your patients.  This show is coming out on 28 January 2024 and was originally recorded at VCU’s studio with a table top microphone back in the summer of 2017.  I apologize that the audio is a little hazy but the power of Dr Biddle’s research and passion for this topic are still very much relevant to providers today.  So with that, let’s get to the show!

Benumof, J. L. (2015). The elephant in the room is bigger than you think: finding obstructive sleep apnea patients dead in bed postoperatively. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 120(2), 491.

Hill, M. V., Stucke, R. S., McMahon, M. L., Beeman, J. L., & Barth Jr, R. J. (2018). An educational intervention decreases opioid prescribing after general surgical operations. Annals of surgery267(3), 468-472.

Biddle, C., Elam, C., Lahaye, L., Kerr, G., Chubb, L., & Verhulst, B. (2021). Predictors of at-home arterial oxygen desaturation events in ambulatory surgical patients. Journal of Patient Safety, 17(3), e186-e191. 

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Anesthesia Education Case Studies Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Outpatient Anesthesia Preparing for Grad School/Residency

#92 – How to Prevent Periprosthetic Joint Infections with Brian McGrory, MD

If you get this post by email: THANK YOU! You’re in a select group of supporters of the show who have followed the posts on the website and I can’t thank you enough. Your interest, feedback and willingness to share these episodes with your friends & colleagues is much appreciated. Shoot me a reply, social media message or email any time… I’d love to hear from you and again, thank you for your support! – Jon

My guest today is Dr Brian McGrory, MD.  His is an orthopedic joint replacement surgeon at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine.   

This is the second time Dr McGrory has joined me on the podcast, the first being way back in episode 25 when we discussed how to prevent hypothermia during joint replacement surgeries.  That episode included a special look at the controversy around various warming devices that are used in the OR and whether any of them are linked to surgical site infections.

In this episode, Dr McGrory and I take a more detailed look at how to prevent surgical site infections in periprosthetic joint replacement surgery.  The significance of these infections for patients cannot be overstated.  We discuss the particulars around why a joint infection is often considered a devastating outcome for patients that, at best, results in months of continued, aggressive therapy and at worst, can lead to amputation of the limb or even death.  I’m incredibly grateful for Dr McGrory’s continued focus on improving the quality of care that surgical teams can provide and his willingness to come on this show to speak directly to anesthesia providers concerning our role in helping create great outcomes for surgical patients.

Dr McGrory earned his bachelor’s degree in chemistry biology at Cornell, attended medical school at Columbia University, followed by residency in orthopedic surgery at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School where he also earned a Master’s degree in orthopedic research.  He then completed a fellowship through Harvard University at Massachusetts General Hospital in adult hip & knee reconstruction.  He has served as the research director for orthopedics at Maine Medical Center and the founding editor-in-chief of Arthroplasty Today, which is a publication of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.

References

Chaudhry, S. B., Veve, M. P., & Wagner, J. L. (2019). Cephalosporins: a focus on side chains and β-lactam cross-reactivity. Pharmacy7(3), 103. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/505180

Hamilton, W. G., Balkam, C. B., Purcell, R. L., Parks, N. L., & Holdsworth, J. E. (2018). Operating room traffic in total joint arthroplasty: identifying patterns and training the team to keep the door shut. American Journal of Infection Control46(6), 633-636. Retrieved from https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(18)30007-5/fulltext

McGrory, B. J. (2018). Letter to the Editor on “Hypothermia in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Wake-Up Call”. The Journal of arthroplasty33(9), 3056-3057. Retrieved from https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(18)30506-0/fulltext

Wyles, C. C., Hevesi, M., Osmon, D. R., Park, M. A., Habermann, E. B., Lewallen, D. G., … & Sierra, R. J. (2019). 2019 John Charnley Award: increased risk of prosthetic joint infection following primary total knee and hip arthroplasty with the use of alternative antibiotics to cefazolin: the value of allergy testing for antibiotic prophylaxis. The bone & joint journal101(6_Supple_B), 9-15. Retrieved from https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/abs/10.1302/0301-620X.101B6.BJJ-2018-1407.R1

Zmistowski, Benjamin; Karam, M.D., Joseph A.; Durinka, Joel B; Casper, MD, David S; and Parvizi, Javad MD, “Periprosthetic joint infection increases the risk of one-year mortality.” (2013). Rothman Institute Faculty Papers. Paper 44.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/rothman_institute/44

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Anesthesia Education Clinical Tips Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Human Physiology and Pathophysiology Opioid Free Anesthesia Outpatient Anesthesia Pharmacology Preparing for Grad School/Residency Regional Anesthesia

#84 – The McLott Mix – Part 1 with Jason McLott, MSN, CRNA

Jason McLott, MSN, CRNA developed a mix of medications for doing opioid-free anesthesia that came to be know as the McLott Mix. It’s a combination of dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium. In this episode, Mr McLott himself unpacks the story of the mix’s development, efficacy and principles for opioid-free anesthesia. He’s clear that this mix helps achieve opioid-free anesthesia, not opioid-free analgesia, recognizing the role of opiates, if needed, in post-operative analgesia plans.

Jason completed his anesthesia training at Oakland University’s Beaumont Nurse Anesthesia program and works in a CRNA-only practice at Blue Ridge Hospital in rural North Carolina. He regularly mentors SRNAs from Western Carolina University, giving them exposure to a CRNA-only practice, extensive regional anesthesia experience and opioid-free anesthesia techniques. Jason also instructs regional anesthesia courses with Twin Oaks Anesthesia.

If you’ve followed Anesthesia Guidebook for any amount of time, you’ll probably remember that Western Carolina University is my alma mater. I would highly recommend WCU as a premier school for becoming a CRNA. The faculty & clinical sites are top notch and you can’t beat the location down in Asheville, North Carolina.

In Part 1 of this conversation, we talk about Jason’s background, what led him to get into opioid-free anesthesia and the details of the McLott Mix and how he suggests it be used. In Part 2 of our conversation, we come back to talk in more detail on the nuances of how Jason uses the McLott Mix in his practice and how providers can instigate change in moving their practices and groups towards opioid-free anesthesia. Part 2 is a prime example of what Randy Moore & Desirée Chappell & I talked about in episode 82 on change management in healthcare. Hopefully these 2 shows with Jason McLott get you thinking about real ways that you can build opioid-free techniques into your anesthesia practice.

Schenkel, L., Vogel Kahmann, I., & Steuer, C. (2022). Opioid-Free Anesthesia: Physico Chemical Stability Studies on Multi-Analyte Mixtures Intended for Use in Clinical Anesthesiology. Hospital pharmacy57(2), 246-252.

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Clinical Tips Opioid Free Anesthesia Outpatient Anesthesia Pharmacology Preparing for Grad School/Residency Regional Anesthesia

#41 – Regional Anesthesia with Shane Garner, MS, CRNA, NSPM-C

This episode was originally released in April of 2020 on From the Head of the Bed… a podcast for the anesthesia community and is being re-released on 5 September 2021 on Anesthesia Guidebook.

In this episode, I speak with Shane Garner, MS, CRNA, NSPM-C about an introduction & overview of regional anesthesia. We discuss:

  • opioid-free anesthesia
  • how to gain experience in regional anesthesia as a SRNA or CRNA
  • fellowships in pain management available to CRNAs
  • the Non-Surgical Pain Management (NSPM) board examination
  • how to start a block program and gain surgeon buy-in
  • Exparel (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension)
  • when to use regional anesthesia catheters and more!
Shane Garner, MS, CRNA, NSPM-C

Shane Garner is a CRNA who works in Ripon, Wisconsin and is passionate about teaching anesthesia providers on personal finance as well as regional anesthesia.  He has a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from the University of Minnesota and graduated from Rosalind Franklin University with his Master of Science in Nurse Anesthesia in 2012.  He went on to complete a fellowship in Advanced Pain Management at the University of South Florida before becoming board certified in Nonsurgical Pain Management through the NBCRNA. Shane is an adjunct faculty member at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s nurse anesthesia program and regularly instructs with Twin Oaks Anesthesia & Cornerstone Anesthesia Conferences.

Resources:

University of South Florida Advanced Pain Management Fellowship

NBCRNA Non-Surgical Pain Management Board Exam

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Clinical Tips Outpatient Anesthesia Regional Anesthesia

#27 – Total knee arthroplasty in the COVID-19 era with Adam Rana, MD & Ryan Mountjoy, MD

This episode outlines the overnight transition to same-day surgery & discharge for total knee patients at Maine Medical Center. Surgeon Adam Rana, MD was informed on a Tuesday afternoon in December 2020 that elective cases requiring overnight hospital stays were being canceled effective immediately. He reached out to physician anesthesiologist Ryan Mountjoy, MD, along with others, and the very next day they implemented a new anesthesia plan that got patients discharged safely the same-day of surgery. These patients experienced equivalent pain scores post-operatively while remarkably requiring less opioid refills. The length of stay was slashed from 42 hours to 12 hours.

These physicians, along with physician anesthesiology resident and lead author Derek Bunch, DO and others, have submitted this story as a proof of concept for the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and will present this story at other national anesthesia and surgical meetings. Dr Bunch was unfortunately unable to join us on the podcast due to working overnight call during the wee-hours of the morning when we recorded this episode but hopefully he’ll agree to come on the show in the future to talk about this or other regional anesthesia topics as he prepares to head off for his regional fellowship later this summer.

Dr Bunch’s write up is provided below courtesy of the authors with select table data following:

Table 1: Pre and Post Surgical Medications

Night PriorMorning ofDischarge
Celecoxib 200 mgCelecoxib 200 mgCelecoxib 200 mg BID x 3d, then daily until complete (disp #14)
Pregabalin 50 mg  Acetaminophen 1000 mgPregabalin 50 mg BID x 3d, then nightly until complete (disp #14)
Acetaminophen 1000 mg Acetaminophen 1000 mg TID
  Oxycodone 5mg 1-2 tab q 4h PRN (disp #42)
Patients received oral analgesics before and after total knee arthroplasty as part of a multi-modal pain management plan.

Table 2: Anesthesia Protocols

Previous anesthesia protocolNew anesthesia protocol 
0.5 or 0.75% bupivicaine spinalSpinal 60mg 2% mepivicaine
Postoperative adductor canal 20cc 0.5% ropivacainePreop adductor canal with 10cc 0.5% bupivicaine, 10cc 13.3% liposomal bupivicaine
 Preop iPACK block 20cc 0.2% ropivacaine
Posterior injection by surgeon (bupivacaine 120mg, epinephrine 300mcg, morphine 8mg)Posterior injection by surgeon (bupivacaine 50mg, epinephrine 100mcg)
Propofol sedationPropofol sedation
Table 2 highlights the differences between the standard practice and the new anesthesia protocol for same-day discharge for total knee arthroplasty at Maine Medical Center.

Table 3: Demographics and Outcomes

 Next day kneeSame day Knee
Number of patients4849
Average LOS (hrs)4212
Number of patients needing IV hydromorphone post op1511
Number of patients needing oral opioids post op4132
Average pain score in hospital3.93.8
Average pain score at 2 weeks3.33
Number of patients filling narcotics following surgery2520
Total number of narcotics refills following surgery4927
Table 3 highlights preliminary data comparing a cohort of patients from one year prior to the study period when patients were shifted to same-day discharge from total knee surgery. “Average age was 63 for both groups and average ASA scores were comparable (2.3 for next day knee patients and 2.2 for same day knee patients).” D. Bunch.

Dr Adam Rana’s bio as quoted from his website: “Dr. Adam Rana is a Board Certified, Fellowship-Trained Orthopedic Surgeon who specializes in minimally invasive hip and knee replacement surgery with specific training in the anterolateral muscle sparring approach to the hip, custom partial and total knee replacement surgery as well as revision hip and knee replacement surgery… Dr. Rana earned his Bachelor’s degree with Honors in Economics and Biology from Colby College where he graduated Cum Laude. While at Colby, Dr. Rana spent two summers in Minneapolis, MN at the Hennepin County Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory… [and] was actively involved in research projects relating to biomechanics in hip and knee replacement systems.” He attended SUNY Downstate Medical Center for medical school and “subsequently completed his Orthopedic Surgical Residency at the Boston Medical Center… After residency, he completed a fellowship in Adult Reconstruction, Arthritis, and Joint Replacement Surgery at the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City.” Dr Rana is widely published in peer-reviewed journals as well as medical text chapters and frequently presents on orthopedic surgery at state and national meetings. He is actively involved in the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and the New England and Maine Orthopedic Associations. He currently serves as the director of the Joint Replacement Center at Maine Medical Center.

You may remember Dr Ryan Mountjoy, MD, who joined us for episode 11 of Anesthesia Guidebook to talk about the use of cognitive aids in emergencies. He is a board-certified physician anesthesiologist with Spectrum Healthcare Partners in Portland, Maine.  He is the Co-Director of Orthopedic Trauma and Total Joint Anesthesia and the Co-Director of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine at Maine Medical Center and the Site Chief of Anesthesia at MaineHealth’s Scarborough Surgery Center.  He completed his anesthesia residency at Stanford University and then pursued a Regional and Ambulatory Anesthesia fellowship at Duke University, where he worked prior to moving to Maine. 

References

Hussain, N., Brull, R., Sheehy, B., Essandoh, M. K., Stahl, D. L., Weaver, T. E., & Abdallah, F. W. (2021). Perineural Liposomal Bupivacaine Is Not Superior to Nonliposomal Bupivacaine for Peripheral Nerve Block AnalgesiaA Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesthesiology134(2), 147-164.

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Business/Finances Clinical Tips Outpatient Anesthesia Pediatrics

#26 – Mobile, pediatric dental anesthesia with Paul Samuels, MD

Paul Samuels, MD is a pediatric physician anesthesiologist who works with SmileMD to provide mobile anesthesia for dental offices. We talk about the unique characteristics of working in a mobile anesthesia setting for pediatric dental cases. Topics include:

  • skills required to excel as an anesthesia provider in a mobile, pediatric setting
  • preoperative screening of patients
  • patient safety during anesthesia in dental offices
  • prevention and management of emergencies in mobile anesthesia
  • who makes up the anesthesia care team
  • how medications are handled, including controlled substances
  • typical anesthesia plans including mask induction, IV placement & airway management
  • conflict management and other challenges unique to work in unfamiliar settings
  • how documentation & billing is managed
  • the benefit of mobile anesthesia services for pediatric patients and outpatient dentists

You can hear the overwhelming enthusiasm Dr Samuels has for caring for healthy pediatric patients in an outpatient dental setting. His years of experience as a pediatric physician anesthesiologist in a large tertiary care center not only gives him a wealth of experience to bring to an outpatient setting, but also sets him up for a really enjoyable day taking care of healthy kids for dental procedures.

SmileMD is a mobile anesthesia service currently operating at dental offices in Ohio, Illinois and Kentucky. You can learn more about SmileMD through their website here, or through this podcast with founder Dr Navin Goyal.

Conflict of Interest Statement:

SmileMD reached out to me with the invitation to connect with Dr Samuels to conduct this interview on mobile anesthesia. No financial exchange was made between SmileMD and Anesthesia Guidebook or Jon Lowrance as part of the development of this podcast.